ميكفاه

ميكفاه (بالعبرية: מִקְוֶה / מקווה) نقحرة مقوّه. في الديانة اليهودية هو مكان مليء بالماء يستعمل من أجل الاستحمام التعبدي عند اليهود.

وردت كلمة ميكفاه في الكتاب العبري، وهي تتضمن معاني أشمل، ولكن غالباً ما تشير إلى تجمع مياه.

يعتقد اليهود أن الانغمار الكامل بالمياه من أجل الوصول إلى النقاء الطقوسي (وجوب الطهارة بعد وقوع حدث ما Tumah and taharah).

قبل القرن الأول الميلادي لا توجد هناك دلائل مكتوبة أو آثار تاريخية تعطي براهين على وجود حمامات الاغتسال الميكفاه من أجل الطهارة.^[1]^[2]^[3]

المراجع

^ "Jewish Practices & Rituals: Mikveh. History and Archaeology". Encyclopaedia Judaica. Thomson Gale. 2008. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-01-02. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-12-14. Although water purification is referred to in the Old Testament, in regard to rituals and the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, with washing, sprinkling, and dipping in water, we do not hear of specific places or installations that people would constantly frequent for the purpose of ritually cleansing their flesh. The term mikveh was used in a very general sense in the Old Testament to refer to a body of water of indeterminate extent (cf. Gen. 1:10; Ex. 7:19), or more specifically to waters gathered from a spring or within a cistern (Lev. 11: 36) or waters designated for a large reservoir situated in Jerusalem (Isa. 22: 11). None of these places are mentioned as having been used for ritual purification in any way. Hence, the concept of the mikveh as a hewn cave or constructed purification pool attached to one's dwelling or place of work is undoubtedly a later one.
^ Andrea M. Berlin (2013). Manifest Identity: From Ioudaios to Jew: Household Judaism as Anti-Hellenization in the Late Hasmonean Era (PDF). Journal of Ancient Judaism. Supplements - Band 011. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ص. 169. ISBN:978-3-525-55051-9. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2016-03-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-12-14. .... both mikva'ot and the new vessels.... "household Judaism".... specific behavior carried out via material objects. .... the specific objects are new, first appearing in the early years of the last century BCE but not before. {{استشهاد بكتاب}}: |عمل= تُجوهل (مساعدة)
^ Henry Curtis Pelgrift (10 ديسمبر 2015). "2,200-Year-Old Duck-Shaped Shovel Unearthed in Ancient Galilee". Bible History Daily. Biblical Archaeology Society. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-12-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-12-14. "Archaeologically, it's very hard to tell who's a Jew in the third or second century B.C.," excavation director Uzi Leibner explained to The Times of Israel, because the later indicators like mikvaot (Jewish ritual baths) and certain ritual objects were not present at that time.

هذه بذرة مقالة عن موضوع يهودي ديني أو تاريخي بحاجة للتوسيع. فضلًا شارك في تحريرها.

[JVL-1] "Jewish Practices & Rituals: Mikveh. History and Archaeology". Encyclopaedia Judaica. Thomson Gale. 2008. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-01-02. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-12-14. Although water purification is referred to in the Old Testament, in regard to rituals and the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, with washing, sprinkling, and dipping in water, we do not hear of specific places or installations that people would constantly frequent for the purpose of ritually cleansing their flesh. The term mikveh was used in a very general sense in the Old Testament to refer to a body of water of indeterminate extent (cf. Gen. 1:10; Ex. 7:19), or more specifically to waters gathered from a spring or within a cistern (Lev. 11: 36) or waters designated for a large reservoir situated in Jerusalem (Isa. 22: 11). None of these places are mentioned as having been used for ritual purification in any way. Hence, the concept of the mikveh as a hewn cave or constructed purification pool attached to one's dwelling or place of work is undoubtedly a later one.

[2] Andrea M. Berlin (2013). Manifest Identity: From Ioudaios to Jew: Household Judaism as Anti-Hellenization in the Late Hasmonean Era (PDF). Journal of Ancient Judaism. Supplements - Band 011. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ص. 169. ISBN:978-3-525-55051-9. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2016-03-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-12-14. .... both mikva'ot and the new vessels.... "household Judaism".... specific behavior carried out via material objects. .... the specific objects are new, first appearing in the early years of the last century BCE but not before. {{استشهاد بكتاب}}: |عمل= تُجوهل (مساعدة)

[3] Henry Curtis Pelgrift (10 ديسمبر 2015). "2,200-Year-Old Duck-Shaped Shovel Unearthed in Ancient Galilee". Bible History Daily. Biblical Archaeology Society. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-12-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-12-14. "Archaeologically, it's very hard to tell who's a Jew in the third or second century B.C.," excavation director Uzi Leibner explained to The Times of Israel, because the later indicators like mikvaot (Jewish ritual baths) and certain ritual objects were not present at that time.

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ميكفاه

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