مساعدة:الألفبائية الصوتية الدولية

الألفبائية الصوتية الدولية
وب:أصد للعربية
ويكيبيديا:أصد للإسبانية
وب:أصد للإنكليزية
وب:أصد للبرتغالية
وب:أصد للسنسكريتية
وب:أصد للهولندية والأفريقانية
مساعدة:أصد للغة الغيلية الاسكتلندية

في الأسفل، جدول مفتاح رموز الألفبائية الصوتية الدولية.

رمز	مثل	وصف
^ top A
(ع) ‎[ a ]‏	Spanish casa, French patte, German Mann	For many English speakers, the first part of the ow sound in cow. Found in some dialects of English in cat or father.
(ع) ‎[ aː ]‏	German Aachen, French gare	Long [a].
[ ɐ ]	RP cut, German Kaiserslautern	(With English, [ɐ] is normally written "[ʌ]".)
(ع) ‎[ ɑ ]‏	Finnish Linna, Dutch bad
(ع) ‎[ ɑː ]‏	RP father, French pâte	Long [ɑ].
[ ɑ̃ ]	French Caen, sans, temps	Nasalized [ɑ].
[[:ملف:Open back rounded vowel.ogg|(ع)]][[:ميديا:Open back rounded vowel.ogg| ]]‎[ ɒ ]‏	RP cot	Like [ɑ], but with the lips slightly rounded.
(ع) ‎[ ʌ ]‏	duck	Like [ɔ], but without the lips being rounded. (When "[ʌ]" is used for English, it may really be [ɐ] or [ɜ].)
(ع) ‎[ æ ]‏	RP cat
^ top B
(ع) ‎[ b ]‏	English babble
(ع) ‎[ ɓ ]‏	Swahili bwana	Like a [b] said with a gulp.
(ع) ‎[ ʙ ]‏		Like the brrr sound made when cold.
(ع) ‎[ β ]‏	Spanish la Bamba	Like [b], but with the lips not quite touching.
^ top C
(ع) ‎[ c ]‏	Turkish kebap "kebab", Czech stín "shadow"	Between English tune (RP) and cute. Sometimes used instead for [tʃ] in languages like Hindi.
(ع) ‎[ ç ]‏	German Ich	More y-like than [x]. Some English speakers have a similar sound in huge. To produce this sound, try whispering loudly the word "ye" as in "Hear ye!".
(ع) ‎[ ɕ ]‏	Mandarin Xi'an, Polish ściana	More y-like than [ʃ]; something like English she.
(ع) ‎[ ɔ ]‏	see under O
^ top D
(ع) ‎[ d ]‏	English did
(ع) ‎[ ɗ ]‏	Swahili Dodoma	Like [d] said with a gulp.
(ع) ‎[ ɖ ]‏	American English harder	Like [d] with the tongue curled or pulled back.
(ع) ‎[ ð ]‏	English the, bathe
(ع) ‎[ dz ]‏	English adze, Italian zero
(ع) ‎[ dʒ ]‏	English judge
[ dʑ ]	Polish niedźwiedź "bear"	Like [dʒ], but with more of a y-sound.
[ dʐ ]	Polish dżem "jam"	Like [dʒ] with the tongue curled or pulled back.
^ top E
(ع) ‎[ e ]‏	Spanish fe; French clé
(ع) ‎[ eː ]‏	German Klee	Long [e]. Similar to English hey, before the y sets in.
(ع) ‎[ ə ]‏	English above, Hindi ठग [ʈʰəɡ] (thug) "thief"	(Only occurs in English when not stressed.)
[ ɚ ]	American English runner
(ع) ‎[ ɛ ]‏	English bet
[ ɛ̃ ]	French Agen, vin, main; Polish ręka	Nasalized [ɛ].
(ع) ‎[ ɜ ]‏	RP bird (long)
[ ɝ ]	American English bird
^ top F
(ع) ‎[ f ]‏	English fun
(ع) ‎[ ɟ ]‏	see under J
(ع) ‎[ ʄ ]‏	see under J
^ top G
(ع) ‎[ ɡ ]‏	English gig	(Should look like . No different from a Latin "g")
(ع) ‎[ ɠ ]‏	Swahili Uganda	Like [ɡ] said with a gulp.
(ع) ‎[ ɢ ]‏		Like [ɡ], but further back, in the throat. Found in some Arabic dialects for /q/, as in Gaddafi.
(ع) ‎[ ʒ ]‏	see under Z	English beige.
^ top H
(ع) ‎[ h ]‏	American English house
(ع) ‎[ ɦ ]‏	English ahead, when said quickly.
[ ʰ ]		The extra puff of air in English top [tʰɒp] compared to stop [stɒp], or to French or Spanish [t].
(ع) ‎[ ħ ]‏	Arabic محمد Muhammad	Far down in the throat, like [h], but stronger.
(ع) ‎[ ɥ ]‏	see under U
[ ɮ ]	see under L
^ top I
(ع) ‎[ i ]‏	French ville, Spanish Valladolid
(ع) ‎[ iː ]‏	English sea	Long [i].
(ع) ‎[ ɪ ]‏	English sit
(ع) ‎[ ɨ ]‏	Russian ты "you"	Often used for unstressed English roses.
^ top J
(ع) ‎[ j ]‏	English yes, German Junge
[ ʲ ]	Russian Ленин [lʲeˈnʲɪn]	Indicates a sound is more y-like.
(ع) ‎[ ʝ ]‏	Spanish cayo (some dialects)	Like [j], but stronger.
(ع) ‎[ ɟ ]‏	Turkish gör "see", Czech díra "hole"	Between English dew (RP) and argue. Sometimes used instead for [dʒ] in languages like Hindi.
(ع) ‎[ ʄ ]‏	Swahili jambo	Like [ɟ] said with a gulp.
^ top K
(ع) ‎[ k ]‏	English kick, skip
^ top L
(ع) ‎[ l ]‏	English leaf
(ع) ‎[ ɫ ]‏	English wool Russian малый [ˈmɑɫɨj] "small"	"Dark" el.
(ع) ‎[ ɬ ]‏	Welsh llwyd [ɬʊɪd] "grey" Zulu hlala [ɬaːla] "sit"	Rather like [l] and [ʃ] or [l] and [θ] said together. Found in Welsh names like Lloyd and Llywelyn and نيلسون مانديلا's Xhosa name Rolihlahla.
(ع) ‎[ ɭ ]‏		Like [l] with the tongue curled or pulled back.
(ع) ‎[ ɺ ]‏		A flapped [l], like [l] and [ɾ] said together.
(ع) ‎[ ɮ ]‏	Zulu dla "eat"	Rather like [l] and [ʒ], or [l] and [ð], said together.
^ top M
(ع) ‎[ m ]‏	English mime
(ع) ‎[ ɱ ]‏	English symphony	Like [m], but lips touch teeth as they do in [f].
[ ɯ ]	see under W
(ع) ‎[ ʍ ]‏	see under W
^ top N
(ع) ‎[ n ]‏	English nun
(ع) ‎[ ŋ ]‏	English sing
(ع) ‎[ ɲ ]‏	Spanish Peña, French champagne	Rather like English canyon.
(ع) ‎[ ɳ ]‏	Hindi वरुण [ʋəruɳ] "Varuna"	Like [n] with the tongue curled or pulled back.
(ع) ‎[ ɴ ]‏	Castilian Spanish Don Juan ‎[doɴˈχwan]‏	Like [ŋ], but further back, in the throat.
^ top O
(ع) ‎[ o ]‏	Spanish no, French eau
(ع) ‎[ oː ]‏	German Boden, French Vosges	Long [o]. Somewhat reminiscent of English no.
(ع) ‎[ ɔ ]‏	German Oldenburg, French Garonne
(ع) ‎[ ɔː ]‏	RP law, French Limoges	Long [ɔ].
[ ɔ̃ ]	French Lyon, son; Polish kąt	Nasalized [ɔ].
(ع) ‎[ ø ]‏	French feu, bœufs	Like [e], but with the lips rounded like [o].
(ع) ‎[ øː ]‏	German Goethe, French Deûle, neutre	Long [ø].
(ع) ‎[ ɵ ]‏	Swedish dum	Halfway between [o] and [ø]. Similar to [ʊ] but with the tongue slightly more down and front.
(ع) ‎[ œ ]‏	French bœuf, seul, German Göttingen	Like [ɛ], but with the lips rounded like [ɔ].
(ع) ‎[ œː ]‏	French œuvre, heure	Long [œ].
[ œ̃ ]	French brun, parfum	Nasalized [œ].
(ع) ‎[ θ ]‏	English thigh, bath
(ع) ‎[ ɸ ]‏	Japanese 富士 [ɸɯdʑi] Fuji	Like [p], but with the lips not quite touching
^ top P
(ع) ‎[ p ]‏	English pip, spit
^ top Q
(ع) ‎[ q ]‏	Arabic Qur’ān	Like [k], but further back, in the throat.
^ top R
(ع) ‎[ r ]‏	Spanish perro, Scots borrow	"Rolled R". (Generally used for English [ɹ] when there's no need to be precise.)
(ع) ‎[ ɾ ]‏	Spanish pero, American English kitty/kiddie	"Flapped R".
(ع) ‎[ ʀ ]‏		A trill in the back of the throat. Found for /r/ in some conservative registers of French.
(ع) ‎[ ɽ ]‏	Hindi साड़ी [sɑːɽiː] "sari"	Like flapped [ɾ], but with the tongue curled back.
(ع) ‎[ ɹ ]‏	RP borrow
(ع) ‎[ ɻ ]‏	American English borrow, butter	Like [ɹ], but with the tongue curled or pulled back, as pronounced by many English speakers.
(ع) ‎[ ʁ ]‏	French Paris, German Riemann	Said back in the throat, but not trilled.
^ top S
(ع) ‎[ s ]‏	English sass
(ع) ‎[ ʃ ]‏	English shoe
(ع) ‎[ ʂ ]‏	Mandarin Shàolín, Russian Пушкин (Pushkin)	Acoustically similar to ‎[ʃ]‏, but with the tongue curled or pulled back.
^ top T
(ع) ‎[ t ]‏	English tot, stop
(ع) ‎[ ʈ ]‏	Hindi ठग [ʈʰəɡ] (thug) "thief"	Like [t], but with the tongue curled or pulled back.
(ع) ‎[ ts ]‏	English cats, Russian царь tsar
[ tʃ ]	English church
[ tɕ ]	Mandarin 北京  (ع) ‎Běijīng‏, Polish ciebie "you"	Like [tʃ], but with more of a y-sound.
[ tʂ ]	Mandarin zh, Polish cz	Like [tʃ] with the tongue curled or pulled back .
^ top U
(ع) ‎[ u ]‏	French vous "you"
(ع) ‎[ uː ]‏	French Rocquencourt, German Schumacher, close to RP food	Long [u].
(ع) ‎[ ʊ ]‏	English foot, German Bundesrepublik
(ع) ‎[ ʉ ]‏	Australian English food (long)	Like [ɨ], but with the lips rounded as for [u].
(ع) ‎[ ɥ ]‏	French lui	Like [j] and [w] said together.
(ع) ‎[ ɯ ]‏	see under W
^ top V
(ع) ‎[ v ]‏	English verve
(ع) ‎[ ʋ ]‏	Hindi वरुण [ʋəruɳə] "Varuna"	Between [v] and [w]. Used by some Germans and Russians for v/w, and by some speakers of British English for r.
(ع) ‎[ ɣ ]‏	Arabic / Swahili ghali "expensive"	Sounds rather like French [ʁ].
(ع) ‎[ ɤ ]‏	Mandarin Hénán	Like [o] but without the lips rounded, something like a cross of [ʊ] and [ʌ].
[ ʌ ]	see under A
^ top W
(ع) ‎[ w ]‏	English wow
[ ʷ ]	English rain [ɹʷeɪn]	Indicates a sound has lip rounding, quick.
(ع) ‎[ ʍ ]‏	what (some dialects)	like [h] and [w] said together
(ع) ‎[ ɯ ]‏	Turkish kayık "caïque"	Like [u], but with the lips flat; something like [ʊ].
(ع) ‎[ ɰ ]‏	Spanish agua
^ top X
(ع) ‎[ x ]‏	Scottish English loch, German Bach, Russian хороший [xɐˈroʂɨj] "good"
(ع) ‎[ χ ]‏	northern Standard Dutch Scheveningen, Castilian Spanish Don Juan ‎[doɴˈχwan]‏	Like [x], but further back , in the throat. Some German and Arabic speakers have [χ] for [x].
^ top Y
(ع) ‎[ y ]‏	French rue	Like [i], but with the lips rounded as for [u].
(ع) ‎[ yː ]‏	German Bülow, French sûr	Long [y].
(ع) ‎[ ʏ ]‏	German Eisenhüttenstadt	Like [ɪ], but with the lips rounded as for [ʊ].
(ع) ‎[ ʎ ]‏	Spanish llama (Castilian)	More y-like than [l]. Rather like English volume.
(ع) ‎[ ɥ ]‏	see under U
(ع) ‎[ ɤ ]‏	see under V
[ ɣ ]	see under V
^ top Z
(ع) ‎[ z ]‏	English zoos
(ع) ‎[ ʒ ]‏	English vision, French journal
(ع) ‎[ ʑ ]‏	formal Russian жжёшь [ʑːoʂ] "you burn", Polish źle	More y-like than [ʒ], something like beigey.
(ع) ‎[ ʐ ]‏	Mandarin 人民日报 Rénmín Rìbào "People's Daily", Russian журнал "journal"	Like [ʒ] with the tongue curled or pulled back .
[ ɮ ]	see under L
^ top other
(ع) ‎[ ʔ ]‏	English uh-oh, Hawai‘i, German die Angst	The 'glottal stop', a catch in the breath. For some people, found in button [ˈbʌʔn̩], or between vowels across words: Deus ex machina [ˌdeɪəsˌʔɛksˈmɑːkɨnə]; in some nonstandard dialects, in a apple [ʌˈʔæpl̩].
(ع) ‎[ ʕ ]‏	Arabic عربي (carabī) "Arabic"	A light sound deep in the throat.
(ع) ‎[ ǀ ]‏	English tsk-tsk! or tut-tut!, Zulu icici "earring"	(The English click used for disapproval.) Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including ‎[ kǀ ], [ ɡǀ ], [ ŋǀ ]‏. The Zimbabwean MP Ncube has this click in his name, as did Cetshwayo.
(ع) ‎[ ǁ ]‏	English tchick! tchick!, Zulu ixoxo "frog"	(The English click used to urge on a horse.) Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including ‎[ kǁ ], [ ɡǁ ], [ ŋǁ ]‏. Found in the name of the Xhosa.
(ع) ‎[ ǃ ]‏	Zulu iqaqa "polecat"	A hollow popping sound, like a cork pulled from a bottle. Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including ‎[ kǃ ], [ ɡǃ ], [ ŋǃ ]‏.

شكلات

رمز	مثل	وصف
[ ˈa ]	pronunciation ‎[pʰɹɜʊ̯ˌnɐnsiˈeɪʃn̩]‏	Main stress. The mark denotes the stress of the following syllable.
[ ˌa ]		Weaker stress. The mark denotes the stress of the following syllable.
[ aː ]	English shh! ‎[ʃː]‏	Long. Often used with English vowels or diphthongs: Mayo ‎/ˈmeːoː/‏ for ‎[ˈmeɪ̯ɜʊ̯]‏, etc.
[ aˑ ]	RP caught ‎[ˈkʰɔˑt]‏	Semi-long. (Although the vowel is different, this is also longer than cot ‎[ˈkʰɒt]‏.)
[ a̯ ]	English cow ‎[kʰaʊ̯]‏, koi ‎[kʰɔɪ̯]‏	This vowel runs into the vowel next to it. (In English, the diacritic is generally left off: ‎[kaʊ]‏.)
[ ã ]	French vin blanc ‎[vɛ̃blɑ̃]‏ "white wine"	A nasal vowel, as with a Texas twang.
[ n̥ ]		Sounds like a loud whisper; ‎[n̥]‏ is like a whispered breath through the nose. ‎[l̥]‏ is found in Tibetan Lhasa.
[ n̩ ]	English button	A consonant without a vowel. (English ‎[n̩]‏ is often transcribed /ən/.)
[ d̪ ]	Spanish dos, French deux	The tongue touches the teeth more than it does in English.
[ kʰ ]	English come	Aspirated consonant, pronounced with a puff of air. Similarly ‎[tʰ pʰ tsʰ tʃʰ tɕʰ]‏.
[ k’ ]	Zulu ukuza "come"	Like a popped ‎[k]‏, pushed from the throat. Similarly ‎[t’ p’ q’ tʃ’ ts’ tɬ’]‏.
[ á ]	Mandarin 妈妈 ‎[mámā]‏ "mother"	High tone.	Careful! The بينيين Romanization used for Mandarin has these same diacritics, but with different values. However, Thai Romanization uses them the way the IPA does.
[ ā ]	Mandarin 妈妈 ‎[mámā]‏ "mother"	Mid tone.
[ à ]	Mandarin 马的 ‎[màdɤ]‏ "horse's"	Low tone.
[ â ]	Mandarin 骂 ‎[mâ]‏ "scold"	Falling tone.
[ ǎ ]	Mandarin 麻 ‎[mǎ]‏ "hemp"	Rising tone.
[ . ]	English courtship ‎[ˈkɔrt.ʃɪp]‏	Syllable break. (this is often redundant and therefore left off)